United States system of Guinness

【-Feature 】 United States degree system

United States currently associate degree, Bachelor 's, master 's, doctoral degrees, representing both undergraduate and graduate education 4 different academic levels. As the associate degree just finished 2 years junior or community college certificate, not a Bachelor's degree necessary stage, United States of degree-level 3-basically or structure. According to the degree in nature, can be divided into academic (research) and professional (Professional) degree. Besides United States University also honorary degrees, this kind of degree and not reflect the academic achievement, but the community has recognized outstanding contributors.

PhD

PhD is the United States colleges and universities to the highest degree awarded. In the natural sciences, social sciences and Humanities in many areas the degree of winner no matter what the subject, to specialize in is known as a doctor of philosophy. PhD emphasize academic research capacity, as opposed to a focus on application areas of the PhD degree.

The requirements for the doctorate in all of them have differences, but there are some things in common. First of all, students usually have to get 2 years of professional courses, during this time students not only increase the specialty's comprehensive understanding of, and contact and grasp of academic research. Some college graduate programs require PhD candidates first obtained master's degree, while others allow them directly to the doctorate.

Doctoral degree graduate program emphasizes that, as a research tool and reflect the general culture level of mastery of foreign languages. Students usually have to take in French, German and Russian 3 door 2 door in foreign languages, in recent years, the Oriental languages such as Chinese is also included in the mandatory language of choice. Some colleges have compulsory 2 foreign language requirements for certain modifications, such as whether only the student's proficiency in a foreign language in a more rigorous examination, or to professional courses (such as for economic students plus selected math or statistics course) in place of a foreign language.

Doctorate students in addition to complete a full course and achieve the required foreign language requirement, you must pass a set of comprehensive examinations of the field. Doctorate in the final stage is to write a dissertation. United States colleges and universities are usually required to pursue a PhD in years on full-time students, not more than 3-4 years, but in reality often exceeds this period. In General, in the field of social sciences and Humanities, and a doctorate degree in science and technology, the required time to long, but success rates are low.

United States professional degree (e.g., legal and medical professions in the fields of degree), reflects the high level of professionalism and non-academic standards. For example, MD is a professional degree, granting those students when doctors and medicine PhD is a research degree, is the winner of the full research capacity. In other words, the former competent medical doctor, the latter capable of scientific research and teaching.

Postdoctoral positions in United States, is not a doctorate level degree after, but rather on a PhD in a supplement, it is for the PhD in certain research institutions to conduct research and the setting of a transitional jobs. Postdoctoral education without strict teaching structure and form of postdoctoral research personnel in completing a stage of the study, go to suit your own local office or to continue to conduct postdoctoral research, they do not grant academic degrees. In accordance with professional standards, the postdoctoral personnel is divided into three levels: PhD after the initial two year to junior postdoctoral personnel; 3-5 years-intermediate postdoctoral personnel; 5 years for Senior Postdoctoral personnel. Current postdoctoral education has become the United States an important component of higher education.